Our path to biodiversity in Bayreuth - three approaches, one goal!

The biological diversity of plants, animals, and microorganisms forms the basis of life for humans. The truth of this has been undeniable since the petition for a referendum "Biodiversity and natural beauty in Bavaria - Save the bees." in 2019, biodiversity was brought to the attention of the population in no uncertain terms. It is now sufficiently well known that human activity is increasingly causing changes in the environment that lead to the loss of biodiversity worldwide. But precisely the opposite effect is equally possible. It is just as feasible to enhance ecosystems through the careful, knowledge-based intervention of humans with regionally positive effects on biodiversity.

Prof. Dr. Elisabeth Obermaier (Ecological Botanical Garden of the University of Bayreuth), together with Robert Pfeifer, Head of the City Garden Office of the City of Bayreuth, and Thomas Pickel, Head of the project "Urban Insect Biotopes" being conducted by the "Die Summer e.V." association, will talk about the positive influence possibilities and exemplary measures in the Bayreuth City Talk on 2 February. Beforehand, all three experts answered questions from UBTaktuell. 

Elisabeth Obermaier

These are, for example, indispensable ecosystem services such as the pollination of a large part of our cultivated and wild plants. Last but not least, we should enable future generations to marvel at the wonderful diversity of nature.

What are you specifically doing for biodiversity in your area of responsibility?
In courses and public educational events, the Ecological Botanical Garden at the University of Bayreuth aims to get students and the general public excited about the diversity of organisms and their adaptations, and to impart specialist knowledge about ecological contexts and species knowledge. Research projects together with students are currently dealing, for example, with biodiversity in forests, the diversity of insects on exotic plants and the potential and risks associated with them, and the ecology of rare native tree species.

In the Ecological Botanical Garden, we also have the opportunity to promote native biodiversity and protect endangered species with suitable measures and through near-natural care. In this way, we would also like to encourage the numerous visitors to the Garden to create space for biodiversity in their own gardens and to extend their knowledge of flora and fauna.

What can each individual do?
Promote biodiversity in one's own environment, e.g. on the windowsill, balcony, or patio, by planting insect-friendly native plant species. Create valuable structures for biodiversity in the garden, e.g. create a wildflower meadow, design features using deadwood, plant native woody plants, leave "weeds" standing sometimes, and offer nesting aids. Take time to observe the diversity that emerges and its inhabitants, e.g. wild bees, and learn about their ways of life. Consume foodstuffs sustainably and ecologically and thus promote the nature- and environment-friendly cultivation of our food. Commit to the preservation of biodiversity and the protection of endangered species, as well as to a sustainable lifestyle.

But at least as important is the fact that the diversity of life is important for humans. It has been proven that diversity in nature, for example a rich insect, plant, or bird life, contributes decisively to human well-being. Diversity means quality of life! I also think it is necessary to bring people into direct contact with this fascinating abundance of life. Only by seeing it for oneself, by experiencing it directly, will one develop this appreciation and contribute to the sustainable protection of animals and plants. 

What are you specifically doing for biodiversity in your area of responsibility?
Years ago, we started making green strips along roads more species-rich with regard to flowering plants. In 2020, we introduced an insect-friendly mowing concept across the City, and the first positive developments are now emerging. In our parks, too, there are many opportunities to do something for nature in the City, ranging from the preservation of biotope trees for cavity- and deadwood-dwelling species to the awarding of tree sponsorships. Further opportunities are offered by the ecological compensation areas where, for example, we are establishing new orchards. And last but not least, our zoo is raising interest in endangered species from all over the world. The promotion of biodiversity is central to all our various areas of work.

What can an individual do?
Much would be gained if each individual were to be a little more mindful of the diversity of life in his or her personal environment. This starts with the design of one's own garden or balcony, which can be developed into a small paradise for plants and insects. You can join a nature conservation association and get involved. You can sponsor a tree. And most importantly: be curious and immerse yourself the diversity of life. Observe, marvel, identify species, and observe again and again: this is how affection develops, this is how a true love for nature will develop.

Thomas Pickel

If this humanitarian thinking is not enough for you, there are many selfish reasons why biodiversity is important: it ensures pollination, soil fertility, groundwater quality, air quality, fine dust filtering, and creates enormous potential for recreation and enjoyment.

What are you specifically doing for biodiversity in your area of responsibility?
With our project "Urban Insect Biotopes", we are seeking to promote sustainable cities and raise awareness of environmental issues, especially insect diversity, among locals. Since change benefits from being visible, we are creating publicly accessible model habitats in the City of Bayreuth and equipping them with information boards. In addition, we cooperate with garden centres throughout Germany to increase the supply of insect-friendly native wild plants and to ensure that nothing stands in the way of the creation of natural gardens.

What can each individual do?
Only invest your money in a sustainable bank or fund that does not contribute to the destruction of nature. It is best to buy regional organic products, because the greatest loss of biodiversity is caused by industrialised agriculture. Be a role model and create a natural garden with green facades and roofs and motivate your neighbourhood to join in. Do not own a car and do not build your own home. Roads and new buildings seal and destroy nature. Become a member of die Summer e.V. and help to preserve biodiversity.

The recording of the event is now available online: https://uni-bayreuth.de/bayreuther-stadtgespraeche